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📹 The Wonders of London’s Natural History Museum – An In-Depth Guided Tour
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe. Leave a comment and tell me about your favourite object in a natural history museum …
📹 Monasteries at War: The “Panzer Cavalry” of Reichenau Abbey (feat. Baden State Museum)
Why did clergymen, who were legally not allowed to bear arms or wage war, send so many troops into battles? What role did …
A quick note for German speakers (and everybody else who’s interested). The word “Panzer” is actually also an English term. It a loanword from German of course a means tank. So, an English speaker associates the term “panzer” more with tank than with it’s original meaning “armor”. As many have pointed out “tank rider” is not really the best translation. We only use it once in the intro because it’s spicy and English speakers know the word too (unfrotunately, that’s part of the YouTube Algorithm-game). We do, however, contextualize this usage throughout the article by exclusively referring both to the indiculus list (which is where the German translation Panzerreiter comes from) or the Panzerreiter as “armored” / “heavily armored cavalry”. Lastly, It’s PanzerREITER not PanzerRITTER, so translating it as Armored Knight (as some comments suggested) would be misleading. While a knight is usually also a rider; the two things are the same thing. “Reiter” means “rider”. Long story short: Armored rider is probably the best rendering of “Panzerreiter”.
Quite an interesting part of history when European monarchy and royalty was in its early formative stages. I knew early (Western) European rulers relied on the Church for a time but had no idea it was this important. Would love to see a comparison to its Byzantine neighbours (but well, I am a romaboo so of course).
I recently visited Bornholm (Denmark) and Lübeck (Germany), and a significant portion of the local history is on the subject of Danish-Hansa conflicts. Bornholm was controlled by the Archbishop of Lund, and he is framed as the main enemy of the Lübeckers of the time, having his own personal army and everything. It’s interesting that the Danish king is rarely mentioned in relation to the Hansa around Bornholm, as the Archbishop controlled the island through several round-churches and at least 2 local castles, one of which, Hammershus, is the largest fortress ruin in Denmark. One of the local guides even said that the fortress was an important asset of the Archbishops during periods of opposition to the crown.
Abbotts and bishops involved in warfare are impressive and amusing proofs of how things were complex, severe and brutal back then, a reality that often escapes the contemporary mentality, so used to constitutions and stablishments. And if you ask me, i prefer such a context than modern massive demagogic nation-states…
Separation of Church and State is actually a medieval concept, due to the idea of the Two Swords (church and state). The church was supposed to primarily focus in spiritual guidance, and the state on secular rule. Part of the reason for the constant conflict between the Church and the HRE was that the HRE kept trying to blur that line. When working properly, the relationship was symbiotic.
It’s worth noting that the whole “clergy can’t fight” is only sort of true. That was only ever a matter of policy, not doctrine, so battle bishops were a thing at times, usually in a defensive role or a reaction force against repeated invasion (like a response to the pagan prussians raiding for slaves in the north).
Very informative, thank you for this article. A suggestion of mine would be to make the sound of davids voice a bit louder in the future so you can hear german as well as english. I don’t know what the best volume is but they do that in other modern documentaries and it gives the interviewee a bit more character
Haven’t watched the full article yet. But clergy wielding enormous worldly power itself shouldn’t be surprising: The German Emperor was elected by (amongst others) 3 clergymen. The Fürstbischof of Würzburg ruled big chunks of southern Germany in the early middle ages. And if you look into the history of the castles in Palatinate, it will be apparent that many of them have been destroyed by troops under the command of the church.
This is a hugely great article. I’ve not seen a article before. That covers, medieval religious forces, and other power dynamics, such as manor lords, knights and Yoemen, who are different in ways, as well as nobles and Royalty. This covers most of the powers I know of in the medieval world. Which I have never seen all these at once in the same article before. So thanks greatly. 😁👍
In Anglo-Saxon England of this period, a hide of land was required to support a family, for every 5 hides of land in a community one fyrdman (footman) was owed to the King in war. Personal ownership of 5 hides of land (equal to a mansus?) was the minimum entry point into the thegn class in Anglo-Saxon England. Thegns were armored warriors required to have horses but fighting as infantry. I understand trained war horses are very expensive; but 60 hides for a mounted knight and 3 footmen? Or was this system more different than this in mainland Europe?
FYI, “Panzer” does not mean “tank”. Panzer translates to armored as in panzerschiffe (armored ship or armored cruisers), panzerkamfwagon (armored war wagons), or panzerzug (armored train). Panzer (or gepanzerte) reiter is an armored rider or armored horseman, not tank rider. The term “tank” did not exist yet so it can not be a literal translation.
Who knew that monks could be medieval tank commanders? 🚀 Amazing to see how the Reichenau Abbey’s ‘Panzer Cavalry’ rode into history, defying the stereotypes of peaceful monasteries. Can’t wait to learn more about how these clergymen suited up for battle and shaped the warfare of their time! 🙌I also have a history website and I hope everyone can check it out and give me some feedback so I can improve myself.
Panzerreiter did not mean “tank rider” it is anachronist mistake, nothing serious, but I want to clear this. Panzer means armour, Panzer Reiter – Armoured Rider, “Panzer” became nickname for tank in 20th century, because tank in German is Panzerwagen – Armoured vehicle, but there was not something like tank 1000 years ago. Thank You
Loved the article, but I find you choice to play the German Interview at ~10% sound and dubbing over it a bit strange. Either play it in German and give us the subtitles or just leave the article out and just give us the translation of the direct quotes/ the essence of it with your own voice (maybe with the text of the original quote and a picture of Marvin in the background?). Your compromise looks weird, because the sound helps noone – not even your German viewers (like myself) and the article is irritating, because the lips don’t match the spoken word. This is really just meant as constructive criticism. I’ve been perusal and enjoying your articles for many years and I hope you keep up the good work!