The Paleolithic culture, also known as the “Old Stone Age”, is a prehistoric cultural stage that began with the emergence of Neolithic culture. This period, which includes the creation and use of stone tools, marked a significant development in human innovation and the development of tools and weapons. The first known tool use dates back to around 3.3 million years ago.
The Paleolithic period saw the emergence of art, tools, and religious and spiritual behavior, such as burial and rituals. Hunter-gatherers used small sculptures and monumental objects to provide safety and warmth. Toolmaking, the most basic form of Paleolithic culture, was the manipulation of nature.
The landmark event of Paleolithic culture was the making of tools and weapons, which signified the beginning of religious or spiritual behavior during this time. The process of creating tools and weapons marked a significant development in human innovation and the beginning of a new way of life.
Waging nuclear war was another significant event of the Paleolithic period, as it marked the beginning of a new era in human history. The Paleolithic Period marked the ancient cultural stage of human development, marked by the use of rudimentary chipped stone tools.
📹 From the Paleolithic to the Neolithic
Today we’re going to cover the first major important event in the history of mankind, the shift from the Paleolithic Age to the …
What was the landmark event of the Paleolithic Period?
The Paleolithic culture is defined by the creation of tools and weapons, which marked the beginning of culture and extended prehistoric peoples’ control over nature. This behavior can be seen as an example of problem-solving.
What events happened in the Paleolithic Era?
The Paleolithic Period, also known as the Old Stone Age, was an ancient period characterized by the use of rudimentary chipped stone tools. The earliest humans made simple pebble tools and crude stone choppers during the Lower Paleolithic, which was around 2, 500, 000-200, 000 years ago. Around 700, 000 years ago, the first rough hand ax appeared, which was later refined and used in the Acheulean industry. The Middle Paleolithic saw the emergence of a flake-tool tradition, while the Upper Paleolithic saw the emergence of more complex, specialized, and diverse regional stone-tool industries.
Paleolithic art mainly consisted of small sculptures and monumental paintings, incised designs, and reliefs on cave walls. The end of the Paleolithic period marked the emergence of settled agricultural villages.
What was the landmark event of the first civilization?
The development of agriculture in Mesopotamia is considered a revolutionary event, marking the transition from a nomadic lifestyle centered on hunting and gathering to a more sedentary existence centered on domesticated plants. This transition is estimated to have occurred between 10, 000 and 8, 000 BCE.
What was the Paleolithic culture?
The Paleolithic Age in Europe preceded the Mesolithic Age, with the transition date varying geographically by several thousand years. During this period, hominins grouped together in small societies and subsisted by gathering plants, fishing, and hunting or scavenging wild animals. The Paleolithic Age was characterized by the use of knapped stone tools, wood, and bone tools, and other organic commodities such as leather and vegetable fibers.
Around 50, 000 years ago, a significant increase in the diversity of artifacts occurred, with bone artifacts and the first art appearing in Africa. The first evidence of human fishing is also noted in places like Blombos cave in South Africa. Archaeologists classify artifacts from the last 50, 000 years into various categories.
Humankind evolved from early Homo habilis, who used simple stone tools, into anatomically modern humans and behaviorally modern humans by the Upper Paleolithic. During the Middle or Upper Paleolithic Age, humans began to produce the earliest works of art and engage in religious or spiritual behavior. The Paleolithic Age was characterized by glacial and interglacial periods with fluctuating climates.
What are 3 characteristics of a Paleolithic culture?
The Paleolithic Age was distinguished by a nomadic way of life, with the inhabitants depending on their surrounding environment. The male population engaged in hunting, while the female population was responsible for gathering resources. They utilized rudimentary tools and adopted a nomadic way of life. For further reading on this topic, please refer to the articles on ancient Indian history.
What was the main activity of Paleolithic Age?
The Paleolithic people, who lived from 2. 5 million BC to 8000 BC, were small societies that relied on hunting and gathering for survival. They used stone and wooden tools for hunting and chipping, but were not aware of agriculture or home construction. The Paleolithic period was divided into three periods: Lower or early Paleolithic up to around 50000 BC, Middle Paleolithic from 50000 BC to 40000 BC, and Upper Paleolithic from 40000 BC to 8000 BC. These nomadic people took shelter in caves and were known for their artistic activities. The SSC MTS Exam 2024 will be held from 30th September to 14th November 2024.
What was the most important Paleolithic discovery?
It is believed that the Paleolithic people were the first to invent the needle for sewing. Some needles were made from animal tendons or leather, while others were crafted from horsehair thread and had eyes for thread passage.
What is the Paleolithic era also known as?
The Paleolithic Period, also known as the Old Stone Age, was an ancient period characterized by the use of rudimentary chipped stone tools. The earliest humans made simple pebble tools and crude stone choppers during the Lower Paleolithic, which was around 2, 500, 000-200, 000 years ago. Around 700, 000 years ago, the first rough hand ax appeared, which was later refined and used in the Acheulean industry. The Middle Paleolithic saw the emergence of a flake-tool tradition, while the Upper Paleolithic saw the emergence of more complex, specialized, and diverse regional stone-tool industries.
Paleolithic art mainly consisted of small sculptures and monumental paintings, incised designs, and reliefs on cave walls. The end of the Paleolithic period marked the emergence of settled agricultural villages.
What are the three types of Paleolithic Period?
The Paleolithic Period is divided into three stages: Lower, Middle, and Upper. However, anthropologists argue that these stages are not definitive due to the emergence of different technologies at different times and regions. The Lower Paleolithic is traditionally divided into the Oldowan Stage, which saw the development of pebble tools, and the Acheulean Stage, which saw the emergence of more sophisticated hand axes and cleaving tools. Some anthropologists suggest adding a third stage, the Lomekwian Stage, to account for 700, 000 years of early hammering and rock-chipping tools.
The Middle Paleolithic was characterized by flake tools and widespread fire use, spanning from 250, 000 to 30, 000 years ago. The Upper Paleolithic, which saw the emergence of more sophisticated tools, lasted from 50, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. Hominin evolution in Australopithecus and Homo erectus overlapped for nearly one million years. Simple pebble tools have been found at sites dating from the Lower Paleolithic Period, while a more sophisticated tradition, the Chopper chopping-tool industry, is thought to have been the work of Homo erectus, who likely made tools of wood, bone, and stone.
What was important about the Paleolithic Age?
The Paleolithic Age is regarded as the period during which the use of stone tools by humans first emerged. This period is characterised by a notable increase in the variety and complexity of tools used, as well as the advent of the first known religions, art forms and the emergence of Homo sapiens.
What is known as the Paleolithic Period?
The Paleolithic Age, also referred to as the Old Stone Age, represents a prehistoric period spanning from 3. 3 million years ago to approximately 12, 000 years ago. During this era, early humans began to utilize basic stone tools and engage in the production of man-made objects.
📹 The Aurignacian Culture
Paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman #archaeology Thanks for watching, make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe …
Run up the likes people! Let’s get 10k! Check out my new website and maybe buy something! north02.com, I have a variety products with my logo and some with the lions from Chauvet! This is the best way you can support my website directly. Otherwise, throwing this article a like and a comment is highly appreciated!!!
On the subject of timing pregnancy with the winter, it’s my understanding that there is a lot of information on this subject. Women carrying tools which help them count months and become pregnant at the ideal time is something I’ve learned about on other websites. I would like to see a whole episode on this subject if you ever get the time to research it further.
What a fantastic, in-depth exploration of the Aurignacian culture. It is a great service to arm-chair archeologists to see the technological differences between these continuous ancient peoples in order for us to understand that the “stone age” isn’t just one long continuous, homogenic industry and culture. While technological variation was much slower than what we experience now (remember there was no wide-spread rapid way to transfer innovations that occurred) improvements and innovations did clearly happen, and were also responses to extreme climatic changes as well. Your work is very interesting, in-depth and arrayed with as many illustrations as have survived. In short, your work is not only educational but is very entertaining, and beautiful as well. I am very much looking forward to the next three parts of this series. Thank you so much for all your hard work and attention to detail. It is clear that an enormous amount of research went into the making of this documentary.
❤ one of my most favorite books is ‘ Clan of the Cave Bear’ …which is a series that is set exactly in this timeline when both neanderthals and modern humans were sharing the world. Excellent read. Well researched for accuracy of the lifestyle portrayed. I could get lost for months in those books!! Theres a movie,too…with Darryl Hanna as the star character😊❤ I love history! 😊
This is an excellent long-format factual documentary that was clearly well-researched, and (happily!) is without filler fluff to pad the content. The real human voiceover makes it easier to focus and follow than the often awkwardly-inflected phonology of phrases and word collocations rendered by clunky AI narration. Thank you SO MUCH for making content like this. 🏆
Wow. Thank you so much for this article and your website as a whole. Your hard work is much appreciated and respected. I have been perusal your website for several years now and never miss a chance to recommend it to whoever will listen. Your website is a treasure, so thank you again, seriously. I am beyond excited to see the upcoming installments in your series. Please continue to enrich the lives of all of us who love knowledge, especially of obscure and neglected parts of our history. Greetings from North Florida!
I have always found it amazing looking at photos or pictures of cave paintings. Especially how well done they and some how trying to understand what the story behind what they show could be. The handprint always has amazed me as they are basically they closest we will come to the person or people who made the paintings.
One of the fascinating aspects of ice age hunters was their height. Average height of Aurignacian males was 5’11 and their successors, the Gravettians, were even taller at average height of 6′. This is in stark contrast to modern hunter gatherer societies and is tall even by the standards of 21st century Western industrialized nations. Imagine the hardy mental and physical fitness of subsistence hunters prowling the inhospitable wastelands of Ice Age Europe unstunted by childhood malnutrition and allowed to reach full physical potential. Those dudes must have been the Chaddest Chads who ever Chadded.
What a fantastic documentary! I’ve been looking forward to them ever since you mentioned that you were planning on doing them, but only got around to perusal them with my full attention recently. The quality, value and information density of your content is just chefs kiss But still very digestable and not overwhelming. I really love this, and look forward to perusal the next ones. Been a big fan for years. <3 Thanks for your work!
As an artist myself, the art they made fascinates me more than anything else. The “movement” paintings at Chauvet look like pages from sketchbooks, where you will start a line, it’s not quite right, you start another right next to it, or you draw over top of other drawings, with the reason being practice, not to create a finished work. For sure artists were revered. I remember when I was a kid, other kids standing around perusal me draw, as if I were doing something like magic. The question of there being a reason for the art, I wonder if we will ever know?
We assume there was little innovation for thousands of years. Woodworking innovations wouldn’t have survived, however. Wood is easier to work than stone, so it may have had more experiments. The arrowhead fit to the wood haft could be a hint about this, although it’s impossible to prove without new techniques to research organic remains. “Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.”
First of all, I really appreciate your effort to cover the Upper Paleolithic. I have always been especially drawn to the archaeology of this Period. More importantly, I wanted to comment on the quality of your documentary. This is my first visit to your page, and I am so impressed with the quality of what you’ve uploaded. The level of detail is absolutely amazing. It must have taken you a tremendous amount of time to research all of the information that you’ve presented here. Also, your presentation is wonderful. Great flow, great writing, perfect amount of background music (e.g., low key and only for emphasis or segue), and the narration is very good – great delivery, authentic tone, and a great voice, too. I am really looking forward to the next uploads in this series. Thank you North 02
55:32 I imagine that at this point in most human cultures, particularly skilled Craft/Artist were so highly valued that like Shaman their worth to their communities went beyond how skilled they were as hunters, gatherers or fighters. Hence they would have their basic resources needed for life taken care of by the community so they could continue their specialized activities.
When I see the elaborate tools these early humans were using, I find it funny that we always portray them with messy hair flying all over the place, gathering dust and dirt and getting into their eyes while hunting. They were definitely inteligent enough to use those strings used for tying the blades in order to braid their hair
That was wonderful! And thank you for making a nice long article that I can really get involved in. So much information. It’s amazing how much can be learned about a society that lived so long ago. A special thank you for showing the paintings in Chauvet Cave. I fell in love with a painting of a lion that looked liked it was smiling. 😊
The way they used split spearheads made of antler is so ingenious I’m shocked it pretty much began and ended with them. It seems so useful to have a semi-auto spear that wouldn’t get stuck and break in prey. PLUS the heads would act to keep the wounds wide open, leading to even more bleeding. So wild how it never got any farther than them
it is possible that when modern humans moved into the area for the final time in Europe they brought with them new diseases that the knee and all were not adapted to resist same thing happened with the Americas and the Europeans came over they brought diseases with them If the Native Americans had no resistance to. such as small parks in just one of the men’s diseases brought over by the Europeans period now is it not possible that the same thing happened to the Neanderthals In Western Europe? or at least something similar along with habitat change and climate change and prey animals be changed and being out competed that way because they couldn’t get to the prey they were too sick or not adapted to prowling along distances fast like the modern humans who meant to enjoy the heat we grew up in the heat the anatomics grew up in the cold and then you’d see in some of the heat but not all the time I don’t know where that kind of climb kind of climbing change.
You have a serious gift brother. I am truly impressed by your articles. Also I always wake up perusal them after falling asleep to something else. But I love it, I don’t mind perusal them over and over and over. Plus if I sleep through them that gives you extra ad sense as I can click past the ads 😅
I love your articles and the stories they tell. I have to admit that today’s technology is incredible. The only thing I noticed that took away from your film was the fake beards. It’s the first time I’ve ever noticed them in one of your articles. Please, please keep making these, I’m absolutely fascinated with this time period and just can’t get enough! Thanks for all your work.
I grew up in the 70s with a book containing the illustrations by Zdenek Burian. That way, I learned all names of the hominids by hard. I truly enjoy your documentary; it is well-researched, well illustrated with often high-resolution article clips, and well narrated. You come across as being genuinely interested in the subject, and you earn your subscriptions with this impression and not via the attempt to manipulate your viewers. Thank you for that.
Great article. You do a lot to help bring these ancient humans to life. I really liked the way you described their cultural gatherings. I imagine it must have been like a festival of a kind, able to bring together members from different tribes and clans to share news and ideas, and maybe make plans for the future as well as the population grew and the culture spread. It seems very human despite the vast gulf of time and genetics.
I have really enjoyed your documentaries…very realistic, believable, logical deductions…I only have one tiny criticism and that would be in your discussions on paleolithic weaponry….like many native cultures who hunt with the ‘new’ technology of spear thrusters/launchers which you call AT-lat-als are actually pronounced atl-atl by native speakers…as with many other object names such a wild geese, wawa, imitating the voice of the object/subject….the sound the hunter might make when putting all his power into the thrust…Many have accepted the change as ‘just as right’ because common use is confused…I’m 75 and I consider your doc like classroom time…Never stop learning!
Damn, I love this website. Earlier today, I watched a new documentary on Netflix. “Secrets of the Neanderthals” It wasn’t bad. I stumbled across your clip a few hours later and decided to watch. Your doc was just as good as the one on Netflix. Now, I’m left with one question. Where is your Netflix deal, dude?! 😜:hand-purple-blue-peace:
I appreciate the amount of effort and research this took. A fascinating topic for me. I am very interested in the story of the multiple humanoid time period and how we all intermixed to survive what happened in the older and younger dryas. The Paleolithic is by far my favorite period in history. Some people like Dino’s, I am more of a human story guy.
When speaking of the concept of the Stone age. When thinking about the Stone Age, it is really based on the old world of Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Africa. As for the Stone age for the America’s was here until the first Europeans stepped foot in the new world as it was called. Then, the Native American people were thrown into the technology of the European people.
Loved this article; I’m working on a novel set in the upper Paleolithic and I have two questions (that I’ve also asked on insta but I’m just trying to be thorough lol): 1. What sources show evidence of dart thrower use during the proto-Aurignacian? 2. I’ve found conflicting sources stating that the Hungarian plain / transcarpathia / the western Black Sea coast would have been either completely open mammoth steppe or a forest-steppe mosaic. But I can’t find a clear answer anywhere. Any opinions or sources?
Loving the article as with all your articles that I’ve seen. If I may, I’d like to offer 2 suggestions. 1 is to consider adding your own subtitles since the auto-generated captions can suck. I thought you were saying OAC, when I turned on the captions to check, they said oaiz, and it wasn’t until you showed a labeled picture that I realized you were saying Oase. The other suggestion is to consider when you display an infographic such as a lineage diagram, maybe highlighting the name(s) or section(s) you’re talking about (like you did with the map at 19:45) so we don’t get distracted from what you’re saying by trying to figure out what portion of the diagram you’re talking about. Just some ideas that could take your articles from a 9 to a 10 out of 10.
I JUST FOUND YOUR website AND WAS VERY IMPRESSED WITH YOUR CONTENT AND INSIGHTS ON THE SUBJECT ❣️❣️❣️ WELL DONE MY FRIEND ❣️❣️❣️ YOU LEFT ME WANTING MORE 🤯🤯🤯 AND FOR THIS ALONE YOU MY FRIEND HAVE EARNED YOURSELF A NEW SUBSCRIBER ❣️❣️❣️ MUCH LOVE AND RESPECT MY FRIEND ❣️❣️❣️ KEEP UP THE GREAT WORK 🤔🤨😱🤯
Ugh, such a beautiful, relaxing voice, like everyone is saying ❤ you’re so wonderfully intelligent, thank you for sharing your passion with us and thank you for the hard work you put into every article you make. I’m extremely depressed at the moment and hearing your voice and listening to all the amazing facts and information is helping more than I can put into words ❤❤❤ thank you for existing ❤❤❤ #dreamguy *putting comment separately here too, haha
I usualy seek long documentarys to fall asleep. But this one was way to interesting. Guess I just have to keep perusal your content. By the way, as a german/french bilinguale I did not know how much you can mess up all the location names you tryed using, but I aprecheate your efford. (Like me tryinge to write in english)
Great article! Thank you so much! Only one little thing: The Przewalski’s horse isn’t a wild horse. It’s a feral horse of the former Botai culture, which domesticated as first horses. It’s a similar process like it happen to the Mustang in Northern America. Unfortunately there are no more real wild horse species. The last real wild horse species was the tarpan, which was wiped out in the 18th and 19th century.
Here’s a crazy idea. Maybe Neanderthals didn’t have dogs but H Sapiens did. If Sapiens used dogs to hunt, and maybe horses, they would have been so far ahead of Neanderthals that taking land from them would have been easy. Hunting with a pack of wolves on your side would make you far more effective at hunting. I’m not saying that Neanderthals didn’t have dogs or that Sapiens used them to take Eurasia, it’s just an idea. A “what if?” I think a long article about red ochre might be worth making and interesting. I’d watch it. Apparently it’s been important to people from ancient times until now. I noticed when I lived in Costa Rica that a lot of people stain their bare cement floors with red ochre colored stain, it might be cement and ochre they use. It’s a powder whe6they get it. And it’s very common/traditional. They have black and other colors now but red ochre is kind of standard.
The carved figurines of heavy set women represent an abundant (home & family) life. These women have given birth to several healthy children. Their (breast milk is highly VALUED). Its used to feed babies, the elderly, its a supplement for the family it’s used in cooking & in medicine. A women produce breast milk untill she get pregnant again & 4- 5yrs after giving birth. These women litterly make the family & home, their care takers of the clan. These women assist young females giving birth with great knowledge & care. They hand down their wisdom & knowledge of plants used for medicine, cooking, sewing, making clothes & jewelry. These women are invaluable to the clan. 🕊💜💫
They were people like us, but they ate a high fat, very low carb diet. This effects behavior profoundly. Carbs are addictive, and overindulgence leads to brain problems, brain fog etc … and violent tendencies. They were not violent people. We had no property, nothing to fight over. Warfare and human on human violence coincides with farming (grains) and ownership of property. Modern violence, hatred, warfare etc did not exist in Paleolithic. It’s a modern sickness caused primarily by a incorrect diet and messed up priorities.
When looking at small figurines from history, is there a way to tell if something was a toy vs a ceremonial object? As a parent, I see those animal figurines and immediately imagine a group sitting around a fire while an elder tells a story and carves a little toy to entertain the kids. Seems like the kind of thing that would’ve been happening all the time.
You have to realize something about these caves, especially when time overlaps the last Neanderthals. Neanderthal – Sapiens F1 hybrids would have either been raised by Neanderthals or by Sapiens, depending on which parent was the Neanderthal. That means while the themes might be similar in the art, you could have entirely different types of people making the art. One of your stick figures looked like the same horned cow head with Venus bottom in stick figure form as the other one shown in savant type art. It would not be a stretch to say the stick figure art was a Sapiens cave raising an F1 Neanderthal-Sapiens hybrid, whereas the more savant type art was a Neanderthal cave raising an F1 Neanderthal-Sapiens hybrid. Even though both different types of art were depicting the same thing.
It;s possible that the Venus lady with the horned cow skull is a reference to a female Neanderthal-Sapiens F1 hybrid. So they say, it may be that only females of such hybrids were viable. A literal “Cult of the Skull” of lots and lots of cow or bison skull with the horns were found in a Neanderthal cave. That’s why the cow skull head might refer to a Neanderthal, maybe the Venus’ person’s parent. Also, as far as the Venus and other phallaxes, there was an RH negative problem going on with the later Neanderthals, and can cause infertility and lack of viability problems. It may be that the Venus and phallaxes were some kind of symbol asking for fertility. But, Homo Erectus also made phallaxes.
Less than 10k Neanderthals spread across Europe and west Asia. That a bit depressing since I take it that to mean that the natural carrying capacity of true hunting societies in that region with access to big game animals is depressingly quite small. I’m just thinking about what nature can actually support regarding global natural pre agricultural H. sapiens vs today’s artificially constructed societies. It bothers me that we are astronomically out of step with global carry capacity. On a lighter note. I think I would be freaking out if I came across a survivalist fully masked in the forest.
Another great job on an excellent, well-researched and written article. I can’t help laughing, however, at the cheesy-looking fake beards and hair on your “Neanderthal” actors. It’s the one thing that detracts a bit from an otherwise super job. Oh, and thanks for doing your own narration and not just dropping the text into some machine narrator. That’s a bonus!
AFAIK Aurignacian proper (Aurignacian I) is as old as c. 48,000 calBP in Istallosko (NE Hungary) but then it was part of a diverse “Aurignacoid” landscape, which includes the likes of Swabian pseudo-Aurignacian, which is even older than Istallosko’s, Alpine-Pyrenean proto-Aurignacian, which is the oldest UP culture well dated (52,000 BP) and many others in SE Europe, East Europe, West Asia, Central Asia and NE Africa. However Aurignacian proper only became a pan-European culture c. 41,000 BP, maybe in relation to the catastrophic Campanian Ignimbrite mega-eruption (c. 39,000 BP), which wiped out many peoples in Europe, both Neanderthal and Sapiens.
They didn’t develop new technology in that time because, while they didn’t change much anatomically for the last 200,000 years, their brains likely were changing a lot. Life was so unimaginably difficult that even small improvements in intelligence (not easily seen in skull imprints) surely resulted in lots more children surviving.
1:11:18 “Do you think this image is a bear or hyena?” I vote for hyena. I can’t distinguish using the snout or mouth shape; hyena and bear are too similar, and IMO it would have been difficult for any cave artist to capture the subtleties of snout shape enough determine which animal the artist trying to depict. However, the animal’s midsection is slimmer, which is far more indicative of a hyena, and that feature is much easier to draw, so I will vote hyena.
I love ancient history!! But hate most documentaries 🙁 EXCEPT NORTH 02!!! (and a few others) I personally like the title of the article to be relevant and clear. I like the facts to be facts and to make up the majority of the content. I like the theorys to be stated as theroys and not mixed with the facts for a better story. I like my documentaries well researched and well spoken . I know, I know, I’m a picky Pete,but North delivers 1000% of the time.
At some point in this article, you pointed out the fact that light skin did not actually come from Neanderthal DNA, and that it came from adaptation to the cold. Before I say this next bit, I want to clarify that every race and culture has an absolute right to be equal. Ok clarification made, here we go. Some people have been calling white people inferior for having Neanderthal DNA, yet we only have a max of 2.6%. People keep saying Neanderthal DNA is what have us light skin, eyes, hair and effected our brain to make us a shit tonne more aggressive. I don’t know what your political standpoint is, but could you possibly make a vid explaining the misconceptions of Neanderthal DNA in modern humans?
Great article. Must have taken a ton of work. I will nit-pick in the bias towards cave culture which, IMO, bust surely be due to “survivors bias,” – I’ll happily bet caves where just a chance happenstance which perhaps had some ritual significance locally, but 99.999% of the culture has simply been lost as it was on the surface and made from materials that would never last more than a decade, let alone millenia. Fun to speculate though so by all means 😉 Thank you for making this.
Bear vs Hyena? – Simply based on the outline, the more slender rear body and general proportions/shoulder slope seem more in line with the form of a modern Hyena. Also, the thicker line running from the top of the head down over the shoulders seems consistent with the ‘mane’ found on modern hyenas – bears don’t have such distinctive ‘manes’ as far as I have seen. Also, the head profile of the later images of bears you present are quite different from that of the mystery animal. Mystery animal has a smoother head slope and longer snout – both more consistent with modern hyena. I teach high school art, and always present students with pictures from these caves when introducing Line Drawing. The level of skill they demonstrate in being able to create an unmistakable representation of an animal with minimal lines and pleasing compositions is beyond astonishing. Such a level of artistry is what would be genuinely considered ‘Masterful’ by modern standards. Also, I recall reading one interpretation of the multiple overlapping animal forms could be that its an attempt to capture a single animal in motion – kinda like a comic book. One series of lions certainly does seem to depict a lion going through the stages of spotting prey, crouching down, then moving in for the kill. Of course, we will never know – but it’s a reasonable interpretation to consider.
In my humble opinion the Jebel Irhoud skull is not a modern human because of the “baseball cap” brow ridges. The brim of a baseball cap is designed to shield your eyes from the sun so you can see better, especially when looking up. I believe the baseball cap brow ridges are evolved to help these pre-modern humans see better because they were out in the sun virtually all day every day. I believe modern humans lost them because they either went indoors a lot and/or wore a hat of some kind (with a brim) like a cowboy. So if a skull has baseball cap brow ridges in my opinion, it’s not a modern human.
You should check out early American pictographs that show blends of human figures with animal parts. Utah Rock Art Online Presentations 1-4 use terms like anthropormorphic, and zoopormorphic. Also your narrative moves very quickly when trying to use the figures and graphs to support your conclusions. Very hard to follow.
Another great documentary! I’ve purchased a T-shirt from your site, along with a small contribution. I don’t know why some producer from one of the many documentary production companies hasn’t contacted you with an offer for some big $ to do a series for them (Netflix! Are you paying any attention?). Thanks for your work and look forward to the next articles.
One theory about the dogs that might support domestication 33,000 years ago could be along the lines of when the culture of people was assimilated by a different culture of humans for instance the step herders that brought in the light-skinned jeans into Europe perhaps the dogs were also completely eradicated or to some degree assimilated a lot like the dogs that were native to the Americas when Europeans came over which are now all but completely extinct other than one form of sexually transmitted cancer
1:12:49. Is there intentionally an old man with a long beard in that shot? Bottom of the screen, directly in the middle. He looks like he’s sort of sat sideways to the camera, on the floor, leaning up against the cave wall. So, his right side is more visible than the left side. That is freaky if no one is in the shot, especially because he appears to look caveman-like. :hand-purple-blue-peace:
You excuse yourself for your pronuncation of french. If ever you need help with that, you can count on me. I’m a dutch biologist who has lived in France for 38 years now and I have at least some basic notions about archaeology. I’ll watch you docu on Gravettian after this one and am waiting for the one about the Solutrean, hoping there’ll be something about the idea that solutreans may have made their way to North America. There’s a docu on that on YouTube; I’ll give you the link if you can give me your email adress. By the way, it so happens that I live at less than 50 km from the Roche de Solutré and the museum.