When To Use Plane Sailing?

Plane sailing is a method of navigation used to find the approximated course and distance between two positions on different latitudes. It is accurate for distances under 500 nautical miles and is used when a ship sails along a rhum other than along a parallel of latitude or meridian. The formula used in plane sailing, such as Mlat and Quadrantal Course, is explained in detail.

Plane sailing is also known as Rhumb Line Sailing, as the track cuts all meridians at the same angle. This method is used for short-distance calculations for runs of less than 600 nautical miles or directly East-West along a single line of latitude. With the course and distance known, the difference in azimuth and true course can be worked out using the 3rd formula: Distance = D.lat cos.

As the vessel is sailing due east along a parallel of latitude, the departure will be equal to distance. Departure = 320 Latitude = 45°. Plane sailing is only accurate for distances under 500 nautical miles and solves problems involving a single course, distance, difference of latitude, and departure, where the Earth is considered a plane surface.

A Mercator projection chart is easy to make by plotting the latitude and longitude of surveyed points on a rectangular grid. However, not all tasks are plain sailing, as pregnancy was not all plain sailing, and there were challenges in navigation or conducting a ship by neglecting the earth’s curvature and considering it as a plane.

What are the advantages of Mercator sailing over plane sailing?

A Mercator projection chart is easy to make – plot the latitude and longitude of surveyed points on a rectangular grid. It’s also convenient for navigation – if you draw a line on the chart to where you want to go, measure that angle, and sail that compass course, you’ll get where you want to go.

How to use plain sailing?

To be easy and without problems: The roads were busy as we drove out of town, but after that it was plain sailing. easyI can tell you how to do that – it’s easy!

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What is the limitation of plane sailing and why?

When we refer to plane sailing we mean sailing from one position to another where the latitude and longitude of each is different to the other. Because we are using a mean latitude, this method is not very accurate over long distances and should be confined to distances of 600 nautical miles or less. To determine course and distance with this method we make use of three formulas:

The double triangle in the following sketch shows how these formulae were derived:

Side AD is the d’long, side DB is the departure, angle ADB is the m’lat. Side DC is the distance, side BC is the d’lat and angle BCD is the azimuth.

What are the pros and cons of Mercator?

In a Mercator projection, latitude and longitude are both represented as straight, parallel lines intersecting at right angles (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). This projection is good for navigation as directions are preserved; for example, on any point on the map, north points to the top of the chart. This makes Mercator projections the standard for navigational charts. The drawback to this projection is that size and distance are distorted at high latitudes. This is because the distance between lines of longitude declines as you approach the poles, but they remain constant on a Mercator projection. The poles, which are represented by a point on a globe, are expanded to have the same circumference as the equator. This exaggerates distances, and thus area, at high latitudes. For example, South America is really nine times larger than Greenland, but on a Mercator map they appear to be the same size (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)).

The Goode homolosine projection is often used to represent the entire globe (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)). An advantage of this projection is that it does not exaggerate distance and area as much as the Mercator projection. But there are significant disadvantages too; obviously there is the problem of the oceans (and Greenland) being split apart in the figure below. Other versions of this projection may keep the oceans somewhat intact, but then the continents are disrupted. There is no way to keep both the oceans and the continents intact with this projection. The homolosine projection is also useless for navigation, as the lines of longitude point in different directions over various parts of the map.

The Robinson planisphere projection (Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\)) keeps latitude horizontal, but shows some convergence of longitude. There is still some distortion, but not as much as in a Mercator. This projection is used mostly for data presentation.

What are the 7 types of sailing?

Navigating the seas requires an understanding of various techniques and tools used by sailors in order to get from point A to point B safely; by having knowledge about each type of sailing we use in navigation (rhumb line sailing, traverse sailing, parallel sailing, mid-latitude sailing, mercator sailing, great-circle navigation) you can be sure that you will have all the information needed for successful voyage at sea! From plotting out courses with precision accuracy using traverse sailings near land or reefs, knowing how best use rhumb lines when travelling long distances across open waters – being able to understand each type’s strengths and weaknesses will help ensure safe travels no matter what conditions may arise along your journey at sea!

• Rhumb line sailing involves following an equal bearing line on charts/compass• Traverse sailings uses bearings taken from fixed points/landmarks• Parallel sailings follows two parallel lines with equal distance apart• Mid-latitude sailings takes into account magnetic/compass variation• Mercator sailings uses Mercator projection maps• Great-circle navigation uses spherical trigonometry calculations.

• “Types Of Sailings” Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typesofsailings• “Rhumb Line Navigation” Britannica britannica.com/science/rhumb-line-navigation• “Traverse Sailings” Yachting World yachtingworld.com/traverse-sailings.

What is the difference between parallel sailing and plane sailing?

Whenever ship sails on a east or west course, it is called parallel sailing. The distance travelled on this course along parallel of latitude is equal to departure. When ship sails along a rhumb line, it is called plane sailing.

When to use Great Circle sailing?

Simply, when plotting a course over a distance of 500 miles or more it usually makes sense to travel a ‘Great Circle’ route between origin and destination as it will be a shorter distance over the surface of the planet than the straight route – also known as the Rhumb Line.

A piece of string. The simplest way for you to understand the concept of a Great Circle route is to take a piec e of string to a globe.

If you put one end at the origin and the other at the destination and held it straight, paral lel with the equator, you will get one distance known as the ‘Rhumb Line’.

When to use great circle sailing?

Simply, when plotting a course over a distance of 500 miles or more it usually makes sense to travel a ‘Great Circle’ route between origin and destination as it will be a shorter distance over the surface of the planet than the straight route – also known as the Rhumb Line.

A piece of string. The simplest way for you to understand the concept of a Great Circle route is to take a piec e of string to a globe.

If you put one end at the origin and the other at the destination and held it straight, paral lel with the equator, you will get one distance known as the ‘Rhumb Line’.

What is the disadvantage of great circle sailing?

The advantage of a great circle is obvious, the shorter distance. The disadvantages, depending on latitude, could be quite a few. Colder weather, stronger winds, higher seas and perhaps even icebergs. The great circle is just one factor in the decision making, when planning a route, the weather is likely to be the deciding factor in most cases.

OpenCPN has a builtin Great Circle tool as well as a Great Circle plugin.

The “Measure” tool in the right-click menu and the “Create Route” button on the ToolBar switches seamlessly to a great circle mode when asked to do long distance tasks. This mainly happens when using these tools in some east-west direction and far away from the equator. The mode kicks in when the difference between the normal, rhumb line and the great circle becomes larger than two nautical miles. This will be some 0.2% to 0.5% of the total distance, depending on latitude and direction. When this happens a clear curve towards the pole will appear.

What are limitations of Mercator sailing?

Disadvantages of Mercator’s projection: – Mercator’s projection does not preserve lengths or areas further from the equator – the smallest distance on the globe is not realized by a straight line on the map – not suitable for teaching geography and in political maps (this projection distorts areas and sizes of states …

Why do we use plane sailing?

When a ship sails from one place to another on rhumb line other than parallel of latitude, to calculate distance sailed or arrived position the plane sailing formula is used. If the vessel sails along equator that is when the latitude is zero, then the departure and d′long will have the same value.